{"id":977,"date":"2023-01-18T15:52:11","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T15:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/?p=977"},"modified":"2023-02-06T20:24:47","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T20:24:47","slug":"zaskroniec-gatunek-niejadowitego-weza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/hadi-cucajici-druhy-jedovatych-jedu\/","title":{"rendered":"U\u017eovka podplamat\u00e1 - druh nejedovat\u00e9ho hada"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co je\u0161t\u011b nev\u00edte o u\u017eovce?<\/h2>\n

Plazi - jsou zcela jist\u011b jednou ze skupin zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 v lidech vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed strach, hr\u016fzu a obavy, a to jak kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu vzhledu, tak kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mohou za\u00fato\u010dit jedem, ostr\u00fdmi zuby nebo dr\u00e1py a zp\u016fsobit zran\u011bn\u00ed nebo dokonce smrt. Ovl\u00e1dli vodn\u00ed i suchozemsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed strach mezi obyvateli v\u0161ech kontinent\u016f krom\u011b Antarktidy. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba se pt\u00e1t, zda jsou v\u0161echny druhy plaz\u016f skute\u010dn\u011b tak nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a zda je t\u0159eba se jich b\u00e1t. Odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u00ed - ne! Ne v\u0161echny v sou\u010dasnosti \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed druhy plaz\u016f jsou pro \u010dlov\u011bka nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. \u010casto m\u00e1 b\u00fdt odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem u\u017e jen jejich vzhled, ale zv\u00ed\u0159e samo o sob\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro \u010dlov\u011bka nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Stoj\u00ed za to sezn\u00e1mit se s nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi druhy plaz\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch ve sv\u011bt\u011b, a zejm\u00e9na v Polsku. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je u\u017eovka obojkov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 je skv\u011bl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem zv\u00ed\u0159ete, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ani jedovat\u00e9, p\u0159esto\u017ee vypad\u00e1 odpudiv\u011b. Pod\u00edvejme se na tento druh bl\u00ed\u017ee, abychom ho l\u00e9pe poznali a zbavili se fale\u0161n\u00fdch stereotyp\u016f o n\u011bm.<\/p>\n

Charakteristika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

U\u017eovka obojkov\u00e1 (Natrix natrix) poch\u00e1z\u00ed z t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9 Evropy, st\u0159edn\u00ed Asie a severn\u00ed Afriky. Je to nejedovat\u00fd druh hada z \u010deledi u\u017eovkovit\u00fdch. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed jedinci v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed asi 100 gram\u016f a vedou denn\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. U tohoto druhu je pohlavn\u00ed dimorfismus sotva patrn\u00fd a t\u00fdk\u00e1 se pouze d\u00e9lky t\u011bchto jedinc\u016f. Samice tohoto druhu dosahuje d\u00e9lky asi 1,5 metru a je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samec, kter\u00fd obvykle m\u011b\u0159\u00ed asi 1 metr. Ml\u00e1\u010fata, kter\u00e1 se z vaj\u00ed\u010dek vyl\u00edhnou po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, jsou dlouh\u00e1 asi 15 cm. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi dravce a jejich potravou jsou oboj\u017eiveln\u00edci (\u017e\u00e1by, ropuchy, mloci), ryby nebo drobn\u00ed hlodavci. Napadaj\u00ed a \u017eerou pouze \u017eivou ko\u0159ist. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk had\u016f je 15 let.<\/p>\n

M\u00edsto v\u00fdskytu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Oblasti, kde se u\u017eovky nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed, jsou mok\u0159ady, ba\u017einy a vlhk\u00e9 oblasti. \u017dij\u00ed v okol\u00ed jezer, na louk\u00e1ch, v les\u00edch, a dokonce se vyskytuj\u00ed i u mo\u0159e. Vyskytuj\u00ed se jak v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch, tak v horsk\u00fdch oblastech. Jedinci tohoto druhu se vyskytuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b s v\u00fdjimkou Irska, Skotska, Kr\u00e9ty a severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Skandin\u00e1vie. V Polsku jsou nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm druhem plaza.<\/p>\n

Metody obrany proti had\u016fm<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee napaden\u00ed hadi vylu\u010duj\u00ed vonnou b\u00edlou tekutinu a p\u0159edst\u00edraj\u00ed, \u017ee jsou mrtv\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak se hadi br\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory, je hlasit\u00e9 sy\u010den\u00ed. Ob\u011b metody jsou velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod jm\u00e9na<\/strong><\/h2>\n

N\u00e1zev had poch\u00e1z\u00ed od velmi charakteristick\u00e9ho znaku t\u011bchto zv\u00ed\u0159at. Maj\u00ed velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u017elut\u00e9 skvrny \"za sp\u00e1nky\". To je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 informace, podle kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme tento druh odli\u0161it od ostatn\u00edch had\u016f a usoudit, \u017ee pro n\u00e1s nejsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed a nemaj\u00ed jedovat\u00fd jed.<\/p>\n

Pozitivn\u00ed vlastnosti had\u016f pro \u010dlov\u011bka<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, \u017ee tito plazi mohou m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed vliv na lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 obydl\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na zahrady, a s oblibou lov\u00ed drobn\u00e9 hlodavce, jako jsou mlad\u00e9 krysy nebo my\u0161i, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 oboj\u017eiveln\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Jak rozeznat u\u017eovku podplamatou od jedovat\u00e9 zmije?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ob\u011b tato zv\u00ed\u0159ata se vyskytuj\u00ed v Polsku, proto je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak je od sebe rozeznat. Zmije obl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 m\u00e1 po cel\u00e9m t\u011ble charakteristick\u00e9 klikatky v b\u00edl\u00e9, m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 nebo \u010dern\u00e9 barv\u011b. M\u00e1 prot\u00e1hl\u00e9 zorni\u010dky a troj\u00faheln\u00edkovou hlavu. Na rozd\u00edl od zmije m\u00e1 u\u017eovka v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u017elut\u00e9 skvrny na hlav\u011b a kulat\u00e9 zorni\u010dky. Jeho hlava je ploch\u00e1. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 zmije mohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavbu t\u011bla. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed, \u017ee se tito dravci li\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 d\u00e9lkou. Jedovat\u00e1 zmije je a\u017e o 50 cm krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ne\u0161kodn\u00e1 u\u017eovka.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti o \u0159ece Snake<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161ance na setk\u00e1n\u00ed s u\u017eovkami je na ja\u0159e od dubna do \u010dervna.<\/p>\n

2 Jsou ektotermn\u00ed a vyh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed se na slunci, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ili svou t\u011blesnou teplotu, co\u017e je typick\u00fd znak plaz\u016f.<\/p>\n

3. celou zimu tr\u00e1v\u00ed schoulen\u00ed v kmenech strom\u016f, nor\u00e1ch jin\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at nebo v dutin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

4 T\u011bla t\u011bchto had\u016f jsou pokryta drsn\u00fdmi \u0161upinami a \u0161t\u00edty.<\/p>\n

5 Mlad\u00ed hadi se \u017eiv\u00ed mal\u00fdmi rybkami, pulci a \u017e\u00ed\u017ealami.<\/p>\n

6 D\u00edky sv\u00e9 tuh\u00e9 stavb\u011b t\u011bla spolknou ko\u0159ist celou.<\/p>\n

7 Samice obvykle sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed 8 a\u017e 20 vaj\u00ed\u010dek, ale m\u016f\u017ee jich b\u00fdt a\u017e 50.<\/p>\n

8. tito \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdborn\u00ed plavci a pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di.<\/p>\n

9. Spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla je b\u00edl\u00e1 a h\u0159betn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u0161edozelen\u00e1 nebo hn\u011bdozelen\u00e1, pokryt\u00e1 \u0161upinami.<\/p>\n

10. kobylky jsou velmi plach\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 se lidem vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed. I kdy\u017e je zvednete, nekou\u0161ou.<\/p>\n

Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee v\u0161echny druhy plaz\u016f jsou v Polsku chr\u00e1n\u011bny!
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozbou pro u\u017eovky je \u010dlov\u011bk. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se zab\u00edjej\u00ed pod koly aut, p\u0159i sek\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e1vy nebo p\u0159i \u00fatoc\u00edch jin\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako jsou \u010d\u00e1pi b\u00edl\u00ed, k\u00e1\u0148ata a plazi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Czego jeszcze nie wiesz o zaskro\u0144cu? Gady – to z pewno\u015bci\u0105 jedna z grup zwierz\u0105t, kt\u00f3re wywo\u0142uj\u0105 w ludziach najwi\u0119cej obaw, strachu i l\u0119ku, zar\u00f3wno ze wzgl\u0119du na sw\u00f3j wygl\u0105d, jak i zachowanie. Potrafi\u0105 zaatakowa\u0107 jadem, ostrymi z\u0119bami lub pazurami powoduj\u0105c rany, a nawet \u015bmier\u0107. Opanowa\u0142y \u015brodowisko zar\u00f3wno wodne, jak i l\u0105dowe na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,33,35],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ogrod","category-podroze","category-zdrowie","tag-all"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}