{"id":977,"date":"2023-01-18T15:52:11","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T15:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/?p=977"},"modified":"2023-02-06T20:24:47","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T20:24:47","slug":"zaskroniec-gatunek-niejadowitego-weza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/hadi-sajaci-druhy-jedovatych-jedovatych-jedov\/","title":{"rendered":"U\u017eovka - druh nejedovat\u00e9ho hada"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010co e\u0161te neviete o u\u017eovke oby\u010dajnej?<\/h2>\n

Plazy - s\u00fa ur\u010dite jednou zo skup\u00edn \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov, ktor\u00e9 v \u013eu\u010foch vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed strach, hr\u00f4zu a obavy, a to pre svoj vzh\u013ead aj spr\u00e1vanie. M\u00f4\u017eu za\u00fato\u010di\u0165 jedom, ostr\u00fdmi zubami alebo paz\u00farmi a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zranenia alebo dokonca smr\u0165. Ovl\u00e1dli vodn\u00e9 aj suchozemsk\u00e9 prostredie na celom svete a \u0161\u00edria strach medzi obyvate\u013emi v\u0161etk\u00fdch kontinentov okrem Antarkt\u00eddy. Treba si v\u0161ak polo\u017ei\u0165 ot\u00e1zku, \u010di s\u00fa v\u0161etky druhy plazov naozaj tak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a \u010di sa ich treba b\u00e1\u0165. Odpove\u010f je - nie! Nie v\u0161etky druhy v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti \u017eij\u00facich plazov s\u00fa pre \u010dloveka nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. \u010casto m\u00e1 by\u0165 odstra\u0161uj\u00faci u\u017e len ich vzh\u013ead, ale samotn\u00e9 zviera m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre \u010dloveka nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Stoj\u00ed za to zozn\u00e1mi\u0165 sa s najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi druhmi plazov \u017eij\u00facich na svete, a najm\u00e4 v Po\u013esku. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm z nich je u\u017eovka, ktor\u00e1 je skvel\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom \u017eivo\u010d\u00edcha, ktor\u00fd napriek svojmu odpudzuj\u00facemu vzh\u013eadu nie je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd ani jedovat\u00fd. Pozrime sa na tento druh bli\u017e\u0161ie, aby sme ho lep\u0161ie spoznali a zbavili sa falo\u0161n\u00fdch stereotypov o \u0148om.<\/p>\n

Charakteristika<\/strong><\/h2>\n

U\u017eovka oby\u010dajn\u00e1 (Natrix natrix) poch\u00e1dza z takmer celej Eur\u00f3py, strednej \u00c1zie a severnej Afriky. Je to druh nejedovat\u00e9ho hada z \u010de\u013eade \u0161v\u00e1bovit\u00fdch. Dospel\u00ed jedinci v\u00e1\u017eia pribli\u017ene 100 gramov a \u017eij\u00fa denn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom \u017eivota. U tohto druhu je pohlavn\u00fd dimorfizmus sotva vidite\u013en\u00fd a t\u00fdka sa len d\u013a\u017eky t\u00fdchto jedincov. Samica tohto druhu dosahuje d\u013a\u017eku pribli\u017ene 1,5 metra a je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako samec, ktor\u00fd zvy\u010dajne meria pribli\u017ene 1 meter. Ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa z vaj\u00ed\u010dok vyliahnu po dvoch mesiacoch, s\u00fa dlh\u00e9 pribli\u017ene 15 cm. Patria medzi dravce a ich potravou s\u00fa oboj\u017eiveln\u00edky (\u017eaby, ropuchy, mloky), ryby alebo mal\u00e9 hlodavce. Nap\u00e1daj\u00fa a konzumuj\u00fa len \u017eiv\u00fa koris\u0165. Priemern\u00fd vek hadov je 15 rokov.<\/p>\n

Miesto v\u00fdskytu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Oblasti, kde sa u\u017eovky naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuj\u00fa, s\u00fa mokrade, mo\u010diare a vlhk\u00e9 oblasti. \u017dij\u00fa v okol\u00ed jazier, na l\u00fakach, v lesoch a dokonca ich mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 aj pri mori. Vyskytuj\u00fa sa v n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch aj horsk\u00fdch oblastiach. Jedince tohto druhu sa vyskytuj\u00fa takmer v celej Eur\u00f3pe s v\u00fdnimkou \u00cdrska, \u0160k\u00f3tska, Kr\u00e9ty a severnej \u010dasti \u0160kandin\u00e1vie. S\u00fa najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edm druhom plaza v Po\u013esku.<\/p>\n

Met\u00f3dy obrany proti hadom<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Vedci zistili, \u017ee napadnut\u00e9 hady vylu\u010duj\u00fa vo\u0148av\u00fa bielu tekutinu a predstieraj\u00fa, \u017ee s\u00fa m\u0155tve. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, ako sa hady br\u00e1nia pred pred\u00e1tormi, je vyd\u00e1vanie hlasn\u00e9ho sy\u010dania. Obe met\u00f3dy s\u00fa ve\u013emi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u00f4vod n\u00e1zvu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

N\u00e1zov had poch\u00e1dza z ve\u013emi charakteristick\u00e9ho znaku t\u00fdchto zvierat. Maj\u00fa ve\u013emi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u017elt\u00e9 \u0161kvrny \"za sp\u00e1nkami\". To je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia, pod\u013ea ktorej m\u00f4\u017eeme tento druh odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 od ostatn\u00fdch hadov a us\u00fadi\u0165, \u017ee pre n\u00e1s nie s\u00fa nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a nemaj\u00fa jedovat\u00fd jed.<\/p>\n

Pozit\u00edvne vlastnosti hadov pre \u013eud\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nie ka\u017ed\u00fd vie, \u017ee tieto plazy m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 pozit\u00edvny vplyv na \u013eudsk\u00fd \u017eivot. Niektor\u00e9 jedince nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa \u013eudsk\u00e9 obydlia, najm\u00e4 z\u00e1hrady, a s ob\u013eubou lovia mal\u00e9 hlodavce, ako s\u00fa mlad\u00e9 potkany alebo my\u0161i, a niektor\u00e9 oboj\u017eiveln\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Ako rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 u\u017eovku oby\u010dajn\u00fa od jedovatej zmije?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Obe tieto zvierat\u00e1 sa vyskytuj\u00fa v Po\u013esku, preto je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vedie\u0165, ako ich rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Zmijovec nad\u00fdchan\u00fd m\u00e1 charakteristick\u00e9 cikcaky pozd\u013a\u017e cel\u00e9ho tela v bielej, medenej alebo \u010diernej farbe. M\u00e1 pred\u013a\u017een\u00e9 zreni\u010dky a trojuholn\u00edkov\u00fa hlavu. Na rozdiel od zmije m\u00e1 u\u017eovka v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, charakteristick\u00e9 \u017elt\u00e9 \u0161kvrny na hlave a okr\u00fahle zreni\u010dky. Jeho hlava je ploch\u00e1. Okrem toho m\u00e1 zmija mas\u00edvnej\u0161iu stavbu tela. Treba spomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee tieto dravce sa l\u00ed\u0161ia aj d\u013a\u017ekou. Jedovat\u00e1 zmija je a\u017e o 50 cm krat\u0161ia ako ne\u0161kodn\u00e1 u\u017eovka.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmavosti o rieke Snake<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u0161anca stretn\u00fa\u0165 sa s u\u017eovkami je na jar od apr\u00edla do j\u00fana.<\/p>\n

2 S\u00fa ektotermn\u00e9 a vyhrievaj\u00fa sa na slnku, aby si zv\u00fd\u0161ili telesn\u00fa teplotu, \u010do je typick\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 plazov.<\/p>\n

3. cel\u00fa zimu tr\u00e1via sch\u00falen\u00e9, ukr\u00fdvaj\u00fa sa pred chladom v kme\u0148och stromov, v nor\u00e1ch in\u00fdch zvierat alebo v dutin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

4 Telo t\u00fdchto hadov je pokryt\u00e9 hrub\u00fdmi \u0161upinami a \u0161t\u00edtmi.<\/p>\n

5 Mlad\u00e9 hady sa \u017eivia mal\u00fdmi rybami, pulcami a d\u00e1\u017e\u010fovkami.<\/p>\n

6 V\u010faka svojej tuhej stavbe tela prehltn\u00fa koris\u0165 cel\u00fa.<\/p>\n

7 Sami\u010dky zvy\u010dajne zn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa 8 a\u017e 20 vaj\u00ed\u010dok, hoci ich po\u010det m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 a\u017e 50.<\/p>\n

8. tieto \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy s\u00fa v\u00fdborn\u00ed plavci a pot\u00e1pa\u010di.<\/p>\n

9. spodok je biely a chrbtov\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sivozelen\u00e1 alebo hnedozelen\u00e1, pokryt\u00e1 \u0161upinami.<\/p>\n

10. kobylky s\u00fa ve\u013emi plach\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa vyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa \u013eu\u010fom. Aj ke\u010f ich chyt\u00edte do ruky, nehryz\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Treba si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee v\u0161etky druhy plazov s\u00fa v Po\u013esku chr\u00e1nen\u00e9!
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou hrozbou pre u\u017eovky je \u010dlovek. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa zab\u00edjaj\u00fa pod kolesami \u00e1ut, pri kosen\u00ed tr\u00e1vy alebo pri \u00fatokoch in\u00fdch zvierat, ako s\u00fa bociany biele, my\u0161iaky a plazy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Czego jeszcze nie wiesz o zaskro\u0144cu? Gady – to z pewno\u015bci\u0105 jedna z grup zwierz\u0105t, kt\u00f3re wywo\u0142uj\u0105 w ludziach najwi\u0119cej obaw, strachu i l\u0119ku, zar\u00f3wno ze wzgl\u0119du na sw\u00f3j wygl\u0105d, jak i zachowanie. Potrafi\u0105 zaatakowa\u0107 jadem, ostrymi z\u0119bami lub pazurami powoduj\u0105c rany, a nawet \u015bmier\u0107. Opanowa\u0142y \u015brodowisko zar\u00f3wno wodne, jak i l\u0105dowe na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":979,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,33,35],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ogrod","category-podroze","category-zdrowie","tag-all"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lifestylerek.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}